|
|
The Crystallization Kinetics in Semicrystalline Nanocomposites
Fiore, Kateřina ; Kučera, Jaroslav (oponent) ; Chodák,, Ivan (oponent) ; Lesser, Alan (oponent) ; Jančář, Josef (vedoucí práce)
The crystal growth greatly affects morphology and, thus, mechanical properties of semicrystalline polymers. In this PhD work, the effect of adding high specific surface area silica nano-filler on the crystallization kinetics of linear polyethylene was investigated. In nanocomposites, high specific surface area is able to alter the chain dynamics even at very low filler loadings. It is suggested that in the vicinity of the filler surface, polymer chains exhibit retarded reptation motion due to the chain immobilization caused by either the filler-polymer interaction or by chain confinement between closely packed nanoparticles. The polarized optical microscope equipped with a hot stage was employed to measure the spherulites growth rates in the medium crystallization regime II. It was shown that even weak interaction between PE chains and silica nano-filler above glass transition temperature leads to the substantial decrease of the spherulite growth rates. The measured data are correlated with predictions based on the theoretical models and computer simulations of molecular dynamics in the crystallizing nanocomposite. The observed decrease of spherulites growth rates, G, in dependence on both the silica nano-filler content and polyethylene molecular weight is interpreted utilizing the immobilization theory, thus, reduced reptation motion.
|
|
|
Wound dressing nanofibers mats fabricated from nanocomposite material
Čileková, Marta ; Pavliňák,, David (oponent) ; Abdellatif, Abdelmohsan (vedoucí práce)
New wound dressing based on nanocomposite polyvinyl alcohol/hyaluronan/ silver nanoparticles (PVA/HA/Ag-NPs) was prepared by green way. Hyaluronan was used as reducing and stabilizing agent for hyaluronan for silver nanoparticle preparation. Different parameters were investigated for preparation of Ag-NPs like concentration of silver nitrate as a source of Ag-NPs (0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1M), concentration of HA (1, 2 %) and molecular weight of HA (50 kDA, 1,7 MDa). The nanofibers dressing sheet were fabricated by electro-spinning technique using different ratios between PVA and HA/Ag-NPs (100; 90/10; 80/20; 64/40; 50/50). The nanocomposites were evaluated by TEM, rheology, DLS, UV/Vis spectroscope, and the wound dressing nanofibers were characterized by SEM, TGA, FTIR, XRD and the mechanical properties were measured and evaluated.
|
|
|
Surface analysis of xGnP/PEI nanocomposite
Červenka, Jiří ; Klapetek, Petr (oponent) ; Čech, Vladimír (vedoucí práce)
This Diploma thesis deals with surface analysis of nanocomposite foil – polyetherimide matrix (PEI) reinforced by exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP). The PEI foil without reinforcement and separate xGnP particles were also analysed. Samples of the nanocomposite and the PEI foil were etched for various times by argon plasma. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize xGnP agglomerates dispersed over silicon wafer and pristine/etched samples of PEI foil and nanocomposite xGnP/PEI foil. Graphite nanoplatelets were identified at surface of etched nanocomposite foil. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used for surface topography imaging of separate nanoplatelets and those uncovered at the surface of etched nanocomposite. Surface roughness (root mean square, peak to peak) of etched nanocomposite increased with prolonged etching time. Atomic force acoustic microscopy (AFAM) was used to characterize elastic anisotropy of etched nanocomposite. Nanoindentation measurements were employed to characterize the local mechanical properties of PEI and nanocomposite foils.
|
|
|
Studium nanomateriálů pro jejich použití v jaderné energetice a výzkumu
Jelínek, Martin ; ČEZ,, Jiří Skalička, (oponent) ; Katovský, Karel (vedoucí práce)
Bakalářská práce poskytuje ucelený přehled vlastností jednotlivých nanomateriálů a shrnuje nejnovější poznatky o pokročilých aplikacích ve všech odvětvích jaderné energetiky od konstrukčních materiálů, přes palivo, palivové pokrytí, moderátor neutronů a chladivo až po pokročilé metody detekce ionizujícího záření a jeho přímé využití pro výrobu elektrické energie. Prostor je věnován také uplatnění v bezpečnostních prvcích a systémech jaderných elektráren. Experimentální část práce se zabývá možností použití uhlíkových nanovláken jako aditiva do chladiva jaderného reaktoru typu VVER kvůli celkovému vylepšení tepelných vlastností chladiva. Dosud málo zkoumaná problematika změny neutronové bilance vlivem interakcí s nanočásticemi byla prakticky ověřována na směsi s parafínem ve dvou různých koncentracích a srovnávána s referenčním vzorkem z čistého parafínu.
|
|
|
Studium elektrických vlastností nanokompozitu
Ovsík, Jiří ; Rozsívalová, Zdenka (oponent) ; Polsterová, Helena (vedoucí práce)
Předkládaná práce se zabývá problematikou elektrických vlastností nanokompozitních materiálů. Vzorky pro experiment jsou tvořeny z epoxidové pryskyřice jako matrice a oxidu titaničitého TiO2 jako nanoplniva v různém procentním plnění. Jsou proměřovány teplotní závislosti složek permitivity, ztrátového činitele a rezistivity. Dále je sledována vnitřní rezistivita s ohledem na procentní plnění vzorku nanočásticemi.
|
|
|
Modification of Biodegradable Polyurethanes by Biologically Active Substances
Kupka, Vojtěch ; Khunová, Viera (oponent) ; Pekař, Miloslav (oponent) ; Vojtová, Lucy (vedoucí práce)
Presented dissertation thesis is focused on novel preparation of biodegradable polyurethanes (PUs) and their modification by biologically active cellulose nanocrystals. Literary review deals with current state of bioresorbable PUs used in tissue engineering. Examples of prepared PU elastomers, scaffolds and injectable PUs, together with biodegradation pathways to non-toxic products are summarized. The last part of the literary review is targeting on nanocellulose, which has gained much attention for the use as biomedical material due to its remarkable physical (high specific surface area, mechanical reinforcement) and biological (biocompatibility, biodegradability and low toxicity) properties. Experimental part presents characterization of biodegradable amphiphilic polyurethane films (bio-PUs) synthesized by solvent free polyaddition reaction of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and hydrophobic poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) as macrodiols with hexamethylene diisocyanate. Prepared bio-PUs were characterized on one hand by means of different PEG/PCL ratio and on the other hand by changing the isocyanate ratio between NCO/OH groups. Abrupt enhancement of mechanical properties was observed when PEG/PCL weight ratio was equal to or less than 20/80 and was ascribed to the PCL ability to form crystalline domains. The increasing amount of PEG promoted the ability of bio-PUs to absorb water and enhance the rate of hydrolytic degradation. Whereas, reducing the ability of bio-PUs to absorb water and prolonged time of hydrolytic degradation was achieved with increasing the crosslink density by enhancing the isocyanate ratio. The last part deals with novel solvent free preparation of nanocomposite utilizing bio-PU as a matrix and cellulose nanocrystals either neat or surface grafted by PEG. Structural analysis demonstrated that the presence of rod-like nanoparticles causes the immobilization of the PU chains in matrix resulting in increased stiffness and rigidity of bio-PU/cellulose nanocomposite. By adjusting the PEG/PCL ratio, the amount of isocyanate or the presence of nanofiller, the novel bio-PU material with desirable mechanical (toughness, flexibility) and physical (swelling, degradation) properties can be obtained. Prepared solvent free bio-PUs may advantageously be used in regenerative medicine for soft tissue regeneration (e.g. as vascular grafts).
|
|
|
Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of doped PVDF fibers
Smejkalová, Tereza ; Papež, Nikola (oponent) ; Sobola, Dinara (vedoucí práce)
This diploma thesis focuses on a flexible energy harvesting system based on piezoelectric polymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with an emphasis on manipulating and optimising the properties and performance. By incorporating powders of piezo-active ceramics, the properties of piezoelectric polymer PVDF could be significantly improved and converted into useful electrical energy. PVDF was formed by electrospinning into fibres with a thickness of 1.5-0.3 µm and then studied with various analytical methods. This work offers a description of electrospinning, a preparation of samples for examination and a theoretical introduction to the analytical methods to which the samples were subjected. The morphology and distribution of the nanostructured ceramics into the PVDF polymer matrix was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive Xray spectroscopy (EDX). For the formation of phase and detailed phase composition, the samples were comprehensively characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The work also contains analysis in Raman spectroscopy, a method used to identify and compare chemical compounds. The electrical characteristics were studied by dielectric spectroscopy and the correlation with composition is provided. Individual components of doped fibres are characterised and discussed relating to their future use in sensors.
|
|
| |
|
|
Sledování elektrických vlastností nanokompozitních materiálů
Ovsík, Jiří ; Rozsívalová, Zdenka (oponent) ; Polsterová, Helena (vedoucí práce)
Předkládaná práce se zabývá problematikou elektrických vlastností nanokompozitních materiálů. Vzorky pro experiment jsou vytvořeny z epoxidové pryskyřice jako matrice a oxidů TiO2, Al2O3, WO3, SiO2 jako nanoplniva v 0,5 a 1 procentním plnění. Na experimentálních vzorcích jsou proměřeny teplotní a frekvenční závislosti relativní permitivity, ztrátového činitele, vnitřní rezistivity, a dále je rozebrán vliv plniva na elektrické vlastnosti použitého polymeru. Pozornost je věnována také mechanickým vlastnostem nanokompozitu.
|
|
|
Příprava epoxidových izolačních hmot plněných nanočásticemi
Mockovčiak, Kristian ; Čech, Ondřej (oponent) ; Chladil, Ladislav (vedoucí práce)
Předpokládaná bakalářská práce se zabývá přípravou epoxidových izolačních hmot plněných nanočásticemi a jejími elektrickými vlastnostmi. Experimentální vzorky jsou vyrobeny z epoxidové pryskyřice jako matrice a nanočásticemi oxidů titaničitého (TiO2) jako nanoplniva v 0.5, 1 a 3 procentním plnění. Na vzorcích nanokompozitů jsou měřeny teplotní závislosti vnitřní rezistivity, relativní permitivity a ztrátového činitele. Je pojednáno o vlivu plniva na výsledné elektrické vlastnosti použitého polymeru.
|
host ::
RSS.